Archive for May, 2009

Modern Top Gun 1/2

Thursday, May 28th, 2009

They never go out of fashion: they are elegant, unique teardrop glasses.
It was 1986 when “Top Gun”, with the then young -and beautiful- Tom Cruise filled up cinemas, launching a new look, especially as far as sunglasses are concerned: with their teardrop shape, they became the symbol of the “American dream”…time goes by but the legend remains, in spite of everything!
Many have been the revisitations of this model over the years; here are some of the interpretations of the third millennium!

RAY-BAN AVIATOR

An icon of style and design, this model marked the beginning of a never-ending legend. Launched in 1937, it was born to meet the demands of the USA military aeronautics, but then became a fashion, unisex accessory. Today they come in different variables, but their style, linearity and, above all, functionality (explaining the brand origin: Ray-Ban) are unmistakably the original ones.

MOMO DESIGN

A mix of technology and craftsmanship, these glasses feature linear designs and bi-color motifs on the temples, where the logo in zamak stands out.

BIKKEMBERGS

Very simple teardrop glasses, in metal, with double bridges as the only detail. The Bikkembergs logo runs on the detail, in tinted acetate, characterizing and livening the temples up.

FENDI

A female, elegant version, with clear lenses and a chromatic frame. The only fashion detail is the seam on the temples. Essential.

Found in B2eyes Magazine, May 2007

Tear Film Integrators 2/3

Sunday, May 24th, 2009

Tear film integrators
Dry eyes are more easily affected by optical aberrations than healthy eyes, and this is the possible cause of blurred vision, a symptomatology which is often related to them.
As a consequence, it would be really important that the optometrist recommends the use of tear film integrators as visual aids which reduce the aberrations and, therefore, improve the optical quality of the customer’s vision.
Other significant data: the highest percentage of dry eye can be found in contact-lenses wearers (64%) but this percentage is high even in those who wear just glasses (39%) and in those who do not need a visual correction (28%), according to what the Gallup Survey of Dry Eye Sufferers reported in 2005.
If we consider the business of a single retailer, with an average of 12 customers visited per day, (according to the data of the American Optometric Association’s 2006 Caring for the Eyes of America: Optometrist Profile), the optician/optometrist may identify at least 2 customers with dry eye every day.
As the potential pathophysiology of dry eye became more and more known, together with the ocular surface discomforts related to it, new interesting products emerged in order to manage and deal with the problem.
In particular, we are talking about tear film integrators by Optox.
The logic on which the principle of lacrimal substitutes is founded is rather old and simple: to add liquid to the ocular surface to enhance the humidification and wipe away the debris which could have been accumulated.
Unfortunately, the early products were little more than salt solutions and, therefore, offered a very limited action time and required frequent instillations.
Besides, the preserver used to make the conservation time longer -usually benzalkonium chloride-, if chronically used, might cause cytotoxity to the ocular surface.
On the contrary, ideally, a lacrimal substitute should not only provide humidification to ocular tissues and wipe away the antigens from the surface, but also stay long on the surface and reduce and the pathological modifications induced by drying, bringing back the ocular surface to homeostasis.

Found in P.O. Professional Optometry, August 2008

Visual Peformance in Sports Activities 6/14

Wednesday, May 20th, 2009

Visual Performance in Sports Activities
Despite the importance of integrating the different information coming from both eyes, the supremacy of one eye or its preference during “monocular” activities -such as aiming- is of great value as well. This supremacy or preference is called dominance.
In the researches on athletes, ocular dominance is usually judged in relation to hand or foot motor dominance. When ocular dominance is opposite to motor one, we have a cross-dominance. It is rather usual to find subjects with cross-dominance because while right-handed are dominant (around 90% of the population), right ocular dominance is about 70% (Porac and Coren, 1981).
Although greatly investigated, the hypothesis that a particular pattern of ocular dominance (cross or omolateral) could be advantageous for some sports -such as baseball or tennis-, has not been confirmed yet (for a review, see Erickson, 2007).
Only in target sports, omolateral dominance is not only an advantage, but a real necessity (Jones e coll, 1996). Another important visual aspect related to the performance in sports, especially in team ones, is the effectiveness of peripheral vision, which depends on the visual field width and sensitivity, on the reaction time and on the accuracy of the spotting of peripheral stimuli.

A cura di Fabrizio Zeri, fonte: P.O. Professional Optometry, Agosto 2008

Luxury on Sale 2/2

Saturday, May 16th, 2009

The purpose of buying fashion and luxury is to grant oneselves a moment in which to feel special: the seductive presentation by an expert who illustrates the product with love and competence emphasizes the sweetness of this self-gratifying indulgence.
Luxury is dream and dream is desire; but a cheap desire does not make people dream enough. Luxury is perceived as such only if it entails sacrifice: retailers who offer discounts on luxury goods, do it because they are not able to communicate and transmit anything else to the customer.
If the offer is the same, it is logical that the customer will address to the cheapest price, but the luxury-seller’s duty is to grant incomparable dreams, services and feelings. The more this is done, the less customers will care about price. To show ability and competence during the interaction with the customer at the counter represents a huge opportunity to increase the shop revenue and competitiveness, especially in the offer of high-quality products.
To us this area is so important that we included such subject within a specific course in sales and communication which we called "Warm Up". Yes, you understood it rightly, warm-up, the preparation that aims to warm the retailers’ ability and enthusiasm and that could increase the business volume of 20-30%. To sell a luxury item means to offer the customer attention, time, competence, personalized information, a warm and cozy atmosphere and extreme care to make everything work at its best, with efficiency and punctuality.
This is not easy but, according to our experience, if one succeeds in doing so, he will get extremely successful results year after year, in spite of the several crises which are often used as an alibi for those who have little fantasy.<BR>

Edited by Ercole Renzi, B2eyes Magazine number 20 November/December 2007

Tear Film Integrators 1/3

Tuesday, May 12th, 2009

The tear film is also an important dioptric system which contributes to the visual performance. Its impact on optics and on ocular health in general requires a deep analysis on behalf of the visual experts.

The dry eye symptomatology derives from an insufficient lubrification and humidification of the eyes that, besides being noisy, can become chronic.
The consequences of that can lead to a slight but continual ocular irritation and/or inflammation of the tissues in the anterior part of the eye.
Lately an important step forward has been taken in the awareness that dry eye (which the optician-optometrist could successfully identify) is, maybe, the most common problem of those who address to an optician. An increasing number of people is suffering from ocular dryness, as a consequence of the environmental changes the population has to face every day.
The media, too, have started to talk about and promote the “Ocular health” within the emphasis which is laid on body health in general.
The environment where we live is a reality that amplifies dry eye problems, e.g. due to the increasing number of people who use computers and the life style we follow, which leads us in contact with continuous air and allergens circles and which causes more and more allergies and problems related to dry eyes.
In conclusion, eye dryness, especially in its early stages, is a common problem that is hardly found out because it does not cause a temporal nor permanent visual inability.

Tratto da P.O. Professional Optometry, Agosto 2008

Luxury on sale 1/2

Friday, May 8th, 2009

Luxury glasses The duty of those who sell luxury is to provide the customers with dreams, as well as incomparable services and feelings.

Interbrand and Business Week have published a table showing the 12 major luxury brands in the world. The most interesting datum is that only 3 brands among these 12 do not deal with eyewear lines; they are: Tiffany, Moet & Chandon and Rolex.
The remaining 9 brands complete their presence in the international markets with prestigious ophthalmic glasses and sunglasses collections. This datum leads to an important reflection: glasses represent a “passe-par-tout” for possible luxury, it allows millions of people to accede to luxury products with a reduced expense. A style bag, which can cost 6.000 euros, is a less accessible luxury than a pair of glasses of the same style, which costs 250 instead.
Nevertheless, this, too, is a genuine and true luxury, with all the experiential content it comprises for those who enjoy it. The question which follows is: “The optician knows how to illustrate, propose or sell luxury goods?” Or rather professional deformations, which in many cases combine with a discount anxiety, depotentiate the customer’s luxury experience in the shop, which is different from his experience of the product itself?
From the customer’s point of view, luxury is a consumption experience which concerns its communication with itself and with the world around; it has self-gratifying values of compensation and of emotional integration related to seduction, self-affirmation and social visibility, as well as the desire for uniqueness and the love of yourselves and the others. A content of expectations and desires that deserves -and demands to those who sell luxury goods- a proper offer, corresponding at least at the expectations of the person who yearn for it. This is what is rightly called “excellence set”, and which is what should characterize the retail shop which lodges and sells luxury brands.
First of all, the general location and exhibition of luxury items are often inappropriate and depersonalize the luxury product among minor and less important ones; not to mention hidden temples and clumped fronts, with even a “20% off” tag on show. Then the sensitivity and accuracy of the seller, an expert professional who knows the latest trends and can become a precious adviser able to suggest the more suitable “mix and match” solution even to the customer who cannot afford a huge expense.
Finally, the elegance and care of the packaging of the product on delivery, together with the attentions of the one who proposes and give suggestions, which help to communicate the preciousness of the product.

Edited by Ercole Renzi, B2eyes Magazine number20 November/December 2007

Visual Performance in Sports Activities 5/14

Monday, May 4th, 2009

Another aspect of the visual function, which over the last years has drawn the attention of many vision experts, is the contrast sensitivity. It represents the ability of discerning objects with reduced contrast and it is usually expressed in relation to the stimulus size, which produces a curvature called Contrast Sensitivity Function. Such curvature describes man’s visual filter; it is his window on the world (Maffei e Fiorentini, 1995).
It has been found that athletes of different sports have a better contrast sensitivity curvature than control subjects (Hoffman & co, 1984; Melcher and Lund, 1992; Sceinder & co, 1992; Laby & co, 1996). Contrast sensitivity is really important in the evaluation of moving stimuli. Indeed, higher the contrast or the size of an object, better the perception of its movements (Burr and Ross, 1982); as a consequence, low-sensitivity subjects have more difficulty in perceiving moving objects. Contrast sensitivity is strictly linked to the quality of binocular vision.
A good fusion of the images coming from both eyes produces a series of advantages, such as: a little increase in the visual acuity (around half a line of an optotype projection); a 30% increase in the extension of the visual field; a 40% increase in the contrast sensitivity and better stereopsis (Griffin and Grisham, 2002). These benefits are extremely important for the sports performance. Stereopsis is, for example, the ability of the visual system to turn the slight difference in the position of an object found by the eyes (retinal disparity) into information about its distance (deepness perception).

Edited by Fabrizio Zeri, source: P.O. Professional Optometry, August 2008