Archive for November, 2008

Made for sport 6/6

Sunday, November 30th, 2008

Glasses made for sports activities

Sporty and fashionable: they have not been thought for sport, but well adapt to it.
Glasses created by the most famous fashion manufacturers which take into account design and innovation: Glamour and technology are perfectly synchronised in frames like the Dirk Bikkembergs’s one, which combines simplicity and elegance in a black wrapping frame with detailed precision.
For those who love sporty taste, technology, design and attention to details, Giorgio Armani proposes new male sunglasses, created in collaboration with Carrera R&D department.
Characterised by wrapping volumes and aerodynamic shapes, they distinguish themselves for innovative technical contents and captivating shapes.
An example of all this is 572/S, a rectangular and wrapping frame, with an additional new feature: the Safilo mould lens with its extremely wrapping curvature.
Just thought for sailing is Prada’s Linea Rossa, whose extreme practicality and aesthetic rigour have made it one of the most distinguishable brands of the fashion world.
All these concepts are found in this elegantly aggressive grylamid model, which combines the unmistakable Prada style with practical technical details, such as rubber bridge and terminals.
A casual-metropolitan style, which cuts imagination out, is CK’s one: its glasses are the modern interpretation of the most famous models of the 60s and 70s.
What makes such frames suitable for sport is the width of the volumes: large proportions which allows a perfect view.

Related articles: Made for sport, art. 5 of 6.
Edited by Antonia Opipari, source b2eyes September 07.

Allergies 3/8

Thursday, November 27th, 2008

allergic reactions and the eye

What does it happen within our organism when we experience an allergic reaction? This kind of reactions can occur in different districts of our body, and they are always related to the coming into contact of an allergen (that is, a substance which is external to the body, such as pollen) with the specific antibody for that substance, produced by the organism itself.
An antigen is a substance which can cause the production of specific antibodies by the organism it puts itself in.
More precisely, an antigen which, in contact with an antibody, causes allergic emergencies is called allergen.
An antibody is a plasma protein (globulin) which is synthesized within the body by specialized cells (the plasma cells) when an external substance (an antigen) is put into it.
The antibodies which are responsible for allergic reactions are classified into two categories according to the way they appear:

- spontaneous antibodies, which are divided into natural ones, normally present in blood serum, and reaginic ones -or reagin-, which are developed by allergic subjects and circulate and fasten themselves to organs and tissues;

- induced antibodies, represented by anaphylactic ones, which appear after the injection of strong antigens, and by blocking ones, which circulate and can fasten to the antigens faster than reagin.

Immune system and allergic reactions

The tasks of immunological supervision, acknowledgment, reactivity, neutralization and elimination are performed by cells that compose the defence system of our body: T and B lymphocytes.
Under ordinary circumstances, T-lymphocytes can recognise the danger represented by an external substance. If this acknowledgment system alters, an unoffending substance can be mistaken for a harmful one:
it functions then as an allergen and triggers an immunological response that leads to the activation of cells (mastcells) and to the release of different mediators according to the allergen nature.
Some allergens typically stimulate a cell response through the activation of T-lymphocytes, which in turn produce chemical mediators, which are responsible for rash, temperature rise, swelling up and the ache around the inflammation area.
For example, a condition where such mechanism is activated is the contact dermatitis (a skin disease on an allergic basis), which shows up after the skin has come into contact with usually harmless substances, such as make-up, metals, vegetables, etc.
The allergic reactions of this kind reveal themselves after 48 hours from the contact with the antigen and this is the reason why they are referred to as delayed hypersensitivity.
On the contrary, when the allergic reaction develops within seconds or minutes from the contact with the antigen, we are in presence of immediate hypersensitivity, which is due to the presence of a specific range of immunoglobulins, the lgE ones.
LgE antibodies are produced even under ordinary conditions, but only in a small quantity. In allergic subjects, instead, their concentration is usually very high. Once produced -as a consequence of an antigenic impulse-, the lgE antibodies fix themselves to the tissue of other cells, the mastocites, located in organs rich in connective tissue, which contain substances capable of quickly inducing an inflammatory reaction, such as the histamine.
When the allergen combines with the lgEs fixed to the tissue, the mastocite activates, releasing the histamine (degranulation), which in turn triggers the inflammation (urticaria, asthma, rhinitis).
At the same time, other inflammatory cells are activated and “hired” in the area of the allergic reaction, with the release of other mediators.

Related article: The allergies articole 2.

Made for sport 5/6

Monday, November 24th, 2008

glasses for sports activities Obviously we could not miss Carrera out, whose fall/winter collection 2008 includes Modus, a model which falls within the sports category thanks to the choice of grylamid, the elastic but at the same time strong material which has been used for its creation.
Comfort is guaranteed by the soft and adjustable nose-pads, together with the comfortable megol which covers the metal structure and makes it an elemental frame but enriched by temples with adjustable angles.
The inclination of the temples can be modified to achieve perfect fitting.
The same set-up has been used by Polaroid, whose models -with essential lines and polarized lenses- guarantee a perfect visibility with any light and chromatic conditions.
And finally comes Radar, leader in the evolution of sports eyewear and landmark of the Oakley store. Radar is the first glasses which is provided with Oakley Hydrophobic Technology, a permanent covering created by Oakley that makes the lenses water-and-oil repellent, performing three essential functions:
it prevents the lenses from wetting and being spotted by water, it makes them unattackable by oils and any other grease and unaesthetic substance.
Thanks to its light materials and interchangeable lenses, this glasses is particularly suitable to playing golf: one of the lenses that can be applied, indeed, is able to mitigate the contrast with the green.

Related articles: Made for sport, art. 4 of 6.
Edited by Antonia Opipari, source b2eyes September 07.

Allergies 2/8

Friday, November 21st, 2008

allergies articleo2

Epidemiology and predisposing factors

Nowadays around 30% of the world population is affected by allergic pathologies; the reasons for this explosion are various and depend on numerous factors.

Genetic factors: Of course there is a genetic predisposition. Indeed, if one of the parents is allergic, the risk that the child will develop an allergic disease is high; if both parents are allergic, the risk is even higher.

Air pollution: The role of pollution has been proved above all by Japanese studies, which state that the particulate of diesel engines would make pollen more allergic. To confirm this hypothesis, it has been noticed that the percentage of people affected by allergic rhinitis is higher in the cities than in the countryside.
Besides, air pollution aggravates allergic symptoms by irritating the respiratory mucous membrane.

Western lifestyle: More and more restricted families (generally two children or even just one), the use of antibiotics, vaccinations (though indispensable to reduce infantile mortality), the reduction of chronic infective diseases (such as tubercolosis), have their negative counterpart in an immune system which is poorly engaged in the infective front, hence more inclined to the development of allergic reactions.

Related articles: Allergies Article 1 of 8.

Cfr P.O. Professional Optometry April 2008

Made for sport 4/6

Tuesday, November 18th, 2008

Glasses for sport

Another collection which has been thought in order to accomplish excellent performances is the new SportMaskPerformance by Rudy project.
It consists of glasses which can offer the best technical performances in sports such as cycling and triathlon, thanks to ultra-light materials and wrapping lenses which increase the visual field.
A gritty and up-to-date design where no detail, even the littler one, is neglected: ultra-flat temples that can be inserted under the helmet and adjustable silicon nose pad.
Wrapping lenses, wide and perfectly fitting, allow a lateral vision without distortions and are characterised by a front spacer which improves the aeration of the lenses and avoids their clouding.
Moreover, thanks to the innovative Quick Change system for lenses substitution, SportMaskPerformance enables to face any climate change at the best.

Related articles: Made for sport, art. 3 of 6.
Edited by Antonia Opipari, source b2eyes September 07.

Allergies 1/8

Saturday, November 15th, 2008

The allergies

Eye structure

The eye is a sense organ, which has the function of receiving light impulses and sending them to the nervous centres: this is how visual sensations originate.
It is constituted by the eyeball -spheroidal and elastic-, whose walls are made up of three overlapped and concentric tunics:

- an external and fibrous one, consisting of the cornea (transparent in the anterior part) and of the sclera (the white part);

- an intermediate one, which includes the choroid, the ciliary body and the iris, which presents a central aperture, called pupil;

- an internal one, the retina, which functions like a camera film.

The inner part of the eye, which is in contact with the outside, is called ocular surface and consists of the eyelids, the conjunctiva -which covers the internal surface of the eyelids and of the sclera- , the cornea and the lachrymal glands.
The point of connection between the cornea and the sclera is called limbus and it is where cells separate in order to form the cornea.
Within the eyelid there are some secondary lacrimal glands, while the main lacrimal gland is located in the upper portion of the orbit above the eyeball and secretes into the superior fornix. The fornix is the point where the conjunctiva that covers the eyelid turns back in order to cover the anterior part of the eyeball.

Definition

The allergy is an “exaggerated” reaction which our organism puts into practice against substances that usually do not cause such reactions.
The allergic subjects are those who defend themselves in a wrong way and excessively react to a stimulus which the body recognizes as extraneous.
Generally, they are substances that can be found externally -such as pollen, chimical substances or even food- which, coming into contact with the immune system, cause an iperactive and anomalous response.

cfr P.O. Professional Optometry April 2008

Made for sport 3/6

Wednesday, November 12th, 2008

Sports glasses

The result first of all: unquestioned leader in clothing and accessories industry, Nike’s latest collection doesn’t miss out anything.
High-quality frames, with a kind of aerodynamic shape, which well adapts to any face.
A different model for each discipline, although a minimal and everyday mood is called back to mind, as well.
An example? The cool and old-fashioned style of 7031, an eyewear frame entirely inspired to the sports world: ultra-light nylon frame, with the typical Nike “Swoosh” logo on the terminals.
The CAM tinted hinge offers a greater support and makes the design of this superdynamic model even more precious, whereas the temples and bridge in rubber guarantees a better stability.
Similar features are those of Impel sunglasses, belonging to Nike’s Sport Culture line, whose “Nike Max” lenses allow a precise vision from any perspective.
Besides the aggressive design, semicircular frame -which guarantees a perfect fitting- and polycarbonate lenses, capable of protecting the eyes from both collisions and UVA/UVB rays, this model is characterised by a rubber ant-slip ventilated bridge which favours air circulation and reduces the misting of the lenses.

Related articles: Made for sport, art. 2 of 6.
Edited by Antonia Opipari, source b2eyes September 07.

Full-sized colour 7/7

Sunday, November 9th, 2008

The importance of lenses colour in outdoor activities.

Teaching patients.

The process of teaching patients the existence of specific colours for different sports activities should start at the optician’s.
If you want to sell glasses for sport, first of all you must create an area dedicated to this kind of product inside your shop.
Get hold of a lenses exhibitor showing the range of colours with the related functions and display the frames which have just been thought for sports activities.
Take advantage of the retailers’ exhibitors and of the samples which are offered by both sports glasses and lenses manufacturers.
Most of the companies provide the optician with informative material which can be used to help customers in the choice of their glasses.
Besides, a good idea could be to establish contacts with local shops selling sports goods and to inform them that your shop is specialized in the sale of sports glasses with either afocal or ophthalmic lenses.
This will offer sportsmen a further chance to know if sports glasses may be personalized.
Naturally, a pair of sunglasses is not always sufficient. The patients rely on the optician for the purchase of their glasses.
To talk with the patients about the outdoor activities they practise, and to find out the limits they can experience as a consequence of their level of visual acuity, offers the optician the possibility of presenting sunglasses which differ from ordinary ones since they are specific for sports.
To know customers’ interests not only helps the optician to better understand the type of lenses they need, but also let him discover activities that can not be enumerated among traditional sports, offering the optician the chance to develop his/her creativity.
Moreover, the sales of sports glasses are likely to rise in the future, and it is certain that both sportsmen and opticians will be able to take advantage of lenses whose purpose is to enhance sports performances.

Related articles: Full-sized colour 6/7.

Source: L + T October/November-Fabiano Ed, found in b2eyesmagazine, number 2 - January 2007.

Made for Sport 2/6

Thursday, November 6th, 2008

glasses for sports activities

TRI.FIT System for temples -which can be regulated choosing among three different positions- and Double-Snap Nosebridge -which allows the bridge to perfectly adapt to one’s nose- let Agilis be a perfectly wearable frame that well clings to every face’s feature.
The Traction Grip on the temples guarantees perfect stability, while the integrated- ventilation system, inspired to Adidas "ClimaCool" technology, allows a comfortable air circulation.
Another important feature is the Quick-Release Hinge System which, in case of collision, releases the temple immediately.
Agilis weighs only 26,4g and supports also RXready technology, which means that those who have sight problems can simply solve them by inserting a clip-in which can be graduated.
Fila, too, has focused on dynamism and lightness its collection, entirely dedicated to free-time and relax.
Even elegance is maintained, as this eyewear acetate frame shows, thanks to its opaline white flexible hinges, with a small red-metal vertical plate on which the logo is engraved.
Another famous competitive brand is Lacoste, whose crocodile is well known all around the world. The symbol, in silver and covered with resin, is showed off on the temple of this unisex sunglasses model, wrapping and wide, with 8-based metal front and same-colour shaded lenses.

Related articles: Made for sport, art. 1 of 6.
Edited by Antonia Opipari, source b2eyes September 07.

Full-sized colour 6/7

Monday, November 3rd, 2008

The colour of lenses in sports glasses.

Golf and Tennis

Golfers need lenses that strengthen their sights in order to spot out the green and distinguish the ball from the green and the sky.
Copper-coloured lenses represent a good choice as they enhance the perception of depth and make the boundaries of the links clearer.
In addition to that, copper attenuates blue, so the sky and the grass result in a less vivid colour than the ball’s.
Violet lenses are useful to locate the ball in the rough, the uneven ground with long grass that surrounds the fairway.
Tennis requires a different kind of lenses to intensify the contrasts. Blue and green tones allow blue wave-length to cross the lens, intensifying the background and enhancing the contrast with the yellow ball.
Since specific sunglasses have been created for different sports activities in order to optimize the performances, any kind of lenses should be provided with anti-reflex (AR) treatment on the inner surface.
In fact, the reflection caused by the inner surface of a tinted lens can be very irritating.
AR treatments eliminate the reflection caused by the inner surface of the lens and enhance the comfort.

Related articles: Full-sized colour 5/7

Source: L + T October/November-Fabiano Ed, found in b2eyesmagazine, number 2 - January 2007.